Analysis of Teachers' Understanding of the Flipped Classroom Model and its Implementation in Schools through The Rasch Model Approach
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.54065/pelita.5.2.2025.691Keywords:
Flipped, Classroom, Teacher, understanding, Rasch model, Technology-Based LearningAbstract
The integration of technology in education has become increasingly essential for enhancing the quality of learning in the digital era. One innovative instructional model that has gained significant attention is the Flipped Classroom, in which active learning occurs outside the classroom through videos, readings, or other preparatory activities, while face-to-face class time is dedicated to discussion, problem-solving, and practical application of knowledge. Despite its potential, the implementation of this model often faces several challenges, particularly regarding teachers’ readiness, availability of infrastructure, and their technological competencies. In Makassar City, limited empirical studies have been conducted to examine the level of teachers’ understanding of the Flipped Classroom and the obstacles they experience in applying it in schools. Insufficient comprehension of the model among teachers may reduce its effectiveness and, consequently, negatively impact the overall quality of technology-based learning. Understanding these challenges is therefore critical to inform professional development, curriculum planning, and institutional support strategies. This study aims to analyze teachers’ knowledge of the Flipped Classroom model and identify key implementation barriers, providing an empirical foundation to optimize technology-driven instructional practices in secondary education.
References
Abdurrahman, M. (2018). Learning Strategy Oriented to Educational Process Standards. Jakarta: Rajawali Pers.
Aeni, N., & Fatkhiyani, K. (2025). Implementasi Model Missouri Mathematics Project (MMP) Berbantuan Media Untuk Meningkatkan Kemampuan Berpikir Kritis Dan Kolaborasi Siswa. Pendas: Jurnal Ilmiah Pendidikan Dasar, 10(03), 344-357. https://doi.org/10.23969/jp.v10i03.30267
Aini, K. (2021). Kemandirian Belajar Mahasiswa Melalui Blended Learning Tipe Flipped Classroom pada Masa Pandemi Covid-19. Jurnal Literasi Digital, 1(1), 42–49. https://doi.org/10.54065/jld.1.1.2021.7
Asfiati, A. (2023). Merdeka Curriculum: Encouraging Creativity and Innovation of Islamic Religious Education Teachers in Madrasah. Al-Hayat: Journal of Islamic Education, 7(2), 681-698. https://doi.org/10.35723/ajie.v7i2.525
Budianto, Y., Syakur, A., & Yunus, N. M. (2021). Pengembangan Bahan Ajar Biologi Materi Ruang Lingkup Biologi Dengan Model Pembelajaran Flipped Classroom Pada Kelas X SMAN 5 Palopo. Jurnal Pelita: Jurnal Pembelajaran IPA Terpadu, 1(2), 66–73. https://doi.org/10.54065/pelita.1.2.2021.90
Chou, C. L. (2020). Developing and validating a scale for measuring teachers' readiness for implementing a flipped classroom approach. British Journal of Educational Technology, 51(4), 1420–1435. https://doi.org/10.1111/bjet.12895
Fitriani, II, Napitupulu, CA, Balimulia, SO, Telaumbua, EF, & Saraswatie, I. (2022). Implementation of the flipped classroom model in early childhood science learning. Journal of Education and Psychology: Pintar Harati, 18(2), 93–107. https://doi.org/10.36873/jph.v18i2.8142
Gaspari?, R. P. (2017). Jonathan Bergmann and Aaron Sams, Flipped Learning: Gateway to Student Engagement, International Society for Technology in Education: Eugene, Oregon and Washington, DC, 2014; 169 pp.: ISBN 978-1-56484-344-9. Center for educational policy studies journal, 7(3), 173-176. https://doi.org/10.26529/cepsj.293
Karabulut-Ilgu, A., Jaramillo Cherrez, N., & Jahren, C.T. (2018). A systematic review of research on the flipped learning method in engineering education. British Journal of Educational Technology, 49 (3), 398–411. https://doi.org/10.1111/bjet.12548
Luo, S. (2022). Validation of a measure of flipped English learning readiness: A Rasch model analysis. Frontiers in Psychology, 13, 846781. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2022.846781
Maolidah, IS (2017). Effectiveness of Implementing the Flipped Classroom Learning Model in Improving Critical Thinking Skills. Edutcehnologia, 3 (2), 160–170.
Marpelina, L., Sariyatun, S., & Andayani, A. (2023). Shifting paradigms: Innovations in teaching history in the Fourth Industrial Revolution. Path of Science, 9(12), 3011-3018. https://doi.org/10.22178/pos.99-5
Maryadi, M., Ni'am, AU, & Pravitasari, D. (2023). Classroom teacher strategies in dealing with students' learning styles in elementary schools. FingeR: Journal of Elementary School, 2(1), 1–10. https://doi.org/10.30599/finger.v2i1.437
Mawaryanto, E., Novitasari, A. T., & Faisal, B. I. (2024). The Effectiveness of the Flipped Classroom Learning Model on Students' Critical Thinking Skills in Civics Subjects. Jurnal Amal Pendidikan, 5(1), 15-23. https://doi.org/10.36709/japend.v5i1.99
Megavitry, R., Salfin, S., Akbar, K. F., & Taryana, T. (2023). Analysis of Learning Material Quality and Teacher-Student Interaction on Learning Achievement and Student Satisfaction Level in Distance Education in Indonesia. The Eastasouth Journal of Learning and Educations, 1(03), 147-160. https://doi.org/10.58812/esle.v1i03.160
Mellyzar, M., Andriani, R., Lukman, I. R., Muttakin, M., Wati, E., Pasaribu, A. I., & Fadli, M. R. (2024). Digital Assessment Tools: As a Media for Assesing High School Science Learning. Jurnal Penelitian Pendidikan IPA, 10(3), 1362-1374. https://doi.org/10.29303/jppipa.v10i3.6416
Ministry of Education and Culture. (2020). Learning Strategies during the COVID-19 Pandemic. Jakarta: Ministry of Education and Culture of the Republic of Indonesia.
Mujiono, N. (2021). Flipped Classroom: School Without Homework. Jurnal Teknodik, 25 (1), 67. https://doi.org/10.32550/teknodik.v25i1.457
Price, P. C., Jhangiani, R., & Chiang, I. C. A. (2015). Research methods in psychology. BCCampus.
Ravand, H., Shahi, R., & Effatpanah, F. (2025). Investigating Levels of Bloom's Taxonomy in a University Entrance Examination Using Cognitive Diagnostic Modeling. In Frontiers in Education (Vol. 10, p. 1644811). Frontiers. https://doi.org/10.3389/feduc.2025.1644811
Rincon-Flores, E. G., Castano, L., Guerrero Solis, S. L., Olmos Lopez, O., Rodríguez Hernández, C. F., Castillo Lara, L. A., & Aldape Valdés, L. P. (2024). Improving the learning-teaching process through adaptive learning strategy. Smart Learning Environments, 11(1), 27. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40561-024-00314-9
Rusijono, R., & Khotimah, K. (2023). Training and Mentoring in the Development of Test Instruments for Measuring Learning Outcomes of Muhammadiyah School. International Journal of Community Service Learning, 7(3), 272-281.
Salsabila, Y. R., & Muqowim, M. (2024). Korelasi antara teori belajar konstruktivisme lev vygotsky dengan model pembelajaran problem based learning (pbl). Learning: Jurnal Inovasi Penelitian Pendidikan Dan Pembelajaran, 4(3), 813-827. https://doi.org/10.51878/learning.v4i3.3185
Samaila, K., & Samaila, K. (2021). Using Flipped Classroom Model: Factors Influencing Students' Satisfaction. European Journal of Interactive Multimedia and Education, 2(2), e02112. https://doi.org/10.30935/ejimed/11260
Setiawati, M., Arifin, Z., & Defirono, I. (2023). The leadership of the school principal in realizing independent learning. Jurnal Ilmu Pendidikan Dan Sains Islam Interdisipliner, 203-216. https://doi.org/10.59944/jipsi.v2i4.223
Tegeh, I. M., Santyasa, I. W., Agustini, K., Santyadiputra, G. S., & Juniantari, M. (2022). Group investigation flipped learning in achieving of students’ critical and creative thinking viewed from their cognitive engagement in learning physics. Journal of Education Technology, 6(2), 350-362. https://doi.org/10.23887/jet.v6i2.44417
Yang, Y. (2022). Essays in Spatial Econometrics. Ohio State University Graduate Theses and Dissertations.
Zahra, FF, & Prastowo, A. (2022). Fun, Effective and Islamic Learning Design (Analysis of Integrated Thematic Lesson Plan Study). JIIP - Scientific Journal of Educational Sciences , 5 (11), 4622–4626. https://doi.org/10.54371/jiip.v5i11.1052
Zou, T. (2023). Person misfit and person reliability indices in item response theory. Measurement: Interdisciplinary Research and Perspectives, 21(1), 1–15. https://doi.org/10.1080/15366367.2022.2114243
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2025 Riskawati Riskawati, Khaeruddin Khaeruddin, Riska Amanda Putri, Karnila Karnila, Aulia Rahman, Cindy Salsabila

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
License and Copyright Agreement
- Authors retain copyright and other proprietary rights related to the article.
- Authors retain the right and are permitted to use the substance of the article in their own future works, including lectures and books.
- Authors grant the journal the right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY 4.0) that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgment of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgment of its initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are permitted and encouraged to post or self-archive their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work.







