Kritik Akal dan Sumber Pengetahuan dalam Perspektif Al-Ghazali dan Kant
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.54065/dieksis.6.1.2026.1185Keywords:
Kritik Akal, Sumber Pengetahuan, EpistemologiAbstract
Kajian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis kritik akal dan sumber pengetahuan dalam perspektif Al-Ghazali dan Immanuel Kant sebagai dua tokoh penting dalam tradisi filsafat Islam dan filsafat Barat. Penelitian ini dilatarbelakangi oleh perbedaan paradigma epistemologis antara pemikiran Islam yang mengintegrasikan wahyu dan rasio dengan pemikiran Barat modern yang menempatkan akal sebagai pusat pengetahuan. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian kepustakaan (library research) dengan pendekatan komparatif-filosofis. Data diperoleh dari karya-karya utama Al-Ghazali dan Immanuel Kant serta literatur pendukung yang relevan. Hasil kajian menunjukkan bahwa Al-Ghazali mengajukan kritik terhadap keterbatasan akal manusia dengan menegaskan peran wahyu dan intuisi spiritual sebagai sumber pengetahuan yang sah, sementara Kant melakukan kritik terhadap akal melalui penetapan batas-batas rasio dalam memperoleh pengetahuan metafisis. Perbedaan pandangan ini menunjukkan karakter epistemologi yang khas dan berimplikasi pada cara memahami kebenaran, moralitas, dan proses pendidikan. Kajian ini menyimpulkan bahwa meskipun Al-Ghazali dan Kant sama-sama melakukan kritik terhadap akal, keduanya berangkat dari landasan filosofis yang berbeda, sehingga menghasilkan konsep sumber pengetahuan yang tidak sama namun sama-sama relevan sebagai bahan refleksi dalam pengembangan pemikiran pendidikan yang kritis dan etis.
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