Pengaruh Tingkat Pengangguran dan Inflasi Terhadap Tingkat Kemiskinan di Indonesia Tahun 1994-2023
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.54065/jss.6.3.2026.1587Keywords:
Unemployment, Inflation, Poverty, Indonesia, MacroeconomicsAbstract
Kemiskinan merupakan salah satu permasalahan utama pembangunan ekonomi yang dipengaruhi oleh kondisi pasar tenaga kerja dan stabilitas harga. Tingkat pengangguran yang tinggi dapat mengurangi pendapatan masyarakat, sedangkan inflasi yang tidak terkendali dapat menurunkan daya beli, terutama kelompok berpendapatan rendah. Oleh karena itu, analisis mengenai keterkaitan pengangguran dan inflasi dengan kemiskinan penting dilakukan sebagai dasar perumusan kebijakan pengentasan kemiskinan yang lebih terarah dan berkelanjutan. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis pengaruh tingkat pengangguran dan inflasi terhadap tingkat kemiskinan di Indonesia selama periode 1994–2023. Penelitian menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif dengan desain asosiatif dan data sekunder tahunan yang bersumber dari Badan Pusat Statistik dan Bank Indonesia. Sampel penelitian terdiri atas 30 observasi tahunan yang dipilih menggunakan teknik purposive sampling berdasarkan ketersediaan dan konsistensi data. Analisis dilakukan menggunakan regresi linear berganda dengan bantuan IBM SPSS Statistics, meliputi statistik deskriptif, uji asumsi klasik, uji t, uji F, dan koefisien determinasi (R²). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa tingkat pengangguran berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap tingkat kemiskinan, sehingga peningkatan pengangguran cenderung diikuti peningkatan kemiskinan. Inflasi juga berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap tingkat kemiskinan karena kenaikan harga barang dan jasa menurunkan kemampuan masyarakat memenuhi kebutuhan sehari-hari. Secara simultan, pengangguran dan inflasi berpengaruh signifikan terhadap tingkat kemiskinan selama periode penelitian. Implikasi penelitian menunjukkan perlunya integrasi kebijakan penciptaan lapangan kerja, pengendalian inflasi, dan perlindungan daya beli masyarakat. Namun, nilai koefisien regresi, t-hitung, F-hitung, dan R² belum tersedia sehingga tidak dicantumkan untuk menghindari angka yang tidak terverifikasi. Dengan demikian, pengendalian pengangguran dan stabilitas harga merupakan aspek penting dalam upaya menekan kemiskinan di Indonesia.
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