Analisis Sistematis atas Penerapan Standar Akuntansi dan Risiko Fraud pada BUMDes di Indonesia
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.54065/jss.6.2.2026.1305Keywords:
Standar Akuntansi, Risiko Fraud, Badan Usaha Milik Desa, Tata KelolaAbstract
Urgensi penelitian ini terletak pada pentingnya memastikan penerapan standar akuntansi yang tepat guna meminimalkan risiko fraud serta meningkatkan transparansi dan akuntabilitas pengelolaan keuangan BUMDes di Indonesia. Penelitian ini merupakan kajian sistematis yang mengeksplorasi penerapan standar akuntansi yang relevan (terutama SAK EMKM/SAK ETAP) serta profil risiko fraud pada Badan Usaha Milik Desa (BUMDes) di Indonesia. Dengan pendekatan PRISMA 2020, dilakukan penyaringan literatur dan diperoleh 15 studi terpilih (2019–2025) yang membahas praktik akuntansi, tata kelola, dan fenomena fraud pada BUMDes. Bukti penelitian disintesis menggunakan analisis tematik untuk mengidentifikasi pola temuan lintas konteks. Hasil kajian menunjukkan adanya kesenjangan berulang dalam implementasi standar, seperti siklus akuntansi yang belum lengkap, dokumentasi yang tidak konsisten, keterbatasan kompetensi pengelola keuangan, dan adopsi teknologi informasi yang belum merata. Kelemahan tersebut berinteraksi dengan kelemahan tata Kelola seperti transparansi yang rendah, pengawasan yang lemah, serta pemisahan fungsi yang tidak jelas sehingga memperbesar kesempatan terjadinya penyimpangan, manipulasi pencatatan, dan ketidakandalan pelaporan. Sejumlah studi juga mengindikasikan bahwa sebagian ketidaktertiban administrasi dan ketidakpatuhan muncul akibat keterbatasan kapasitas (ketidaktahuan) bukan semata-mata niat jahat, sehingga penting membedakan fraud yang disengaja dengan salah saji karena kapasitas. Implikasi praktis mencakup penguatan pelatihan berbasis kompetensi, SOP akuntansi, pemanfaatan perangkat akuntansi digital yang terjangkau, serta pengendalian internal berbasis risiko untuk menurunkan risiko ketidakpatuhan dan fraud pada BUMDes.
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